This page is made from the texts of Robert Harris and the Writing Center, University of Wysconsin - Madison applied to the Interslavic language.To improve your language skills you need to make sure, that your ideas stick together and that the gap between them is bridged smoothly. This
is by using transition words and phrases that help bring two ideas together.
Certain words help You to continue an idea, indicate a shift of though or
contrast, or sum up a conclusion. See the following list of words to
find those that will pull your thoughts together.
transition of logic
Transitions of logic consist
of words or phrases that convey "logical intent":
that is, they show the logical connection between two ideas. Since
there
are several possible logical connections (such as time, purpose,
contrast),
there are several categories of transitions of logic. The table below
lists
many of these transitions, arranged by category and listed as milder or
stronger. (Note that there is some double listing, because of the
different
ways words can be used.) Some hints for use:
- transitions become stronger when they are the first word
in a sentence,
milder when they are moved a few words into the sentence
- keep this list handy while you write, until the words come
automatically
This matter has been already discussed in lesson 18. - sentences with coordinate and subordinate clauses. Moreover, you need to remember words from the table in lesson 11. - adverbs and idioms.
Here you can see the most used transition words and phrases. Before using a particular transitional word from this table, be sure you
understand its exact meaning and usage completely and try to translate all words which this glue is made from.
addition
|
and |
i |
|
or |
ili |
|
ni ... ni ...
|
neither ... nor ...
|
|
moreover, in addition
|
navyše
|
|
further, furthermore, even more
|
ješče (adv.) |
|
also, too
|
takože |
|
besides |
kromě (adv.) |
|
again |
iznovo (adv.) |
|
first, in the first place
|
izprva, v prvyh
|
|
second, secondly
|
v vtoryh
|
|
third
|
v tretjih
|
|
finally |
nakonec (adv.) |
|
next |
dalje (adv.) |
|
last |
poslědno (adv.) |
time |
while, when
|
kogda (adv.) |
|
after, afterwards
|
potom (adv.), poslje (prep. G)
|
|
during |
v tečenji ... G
|
|
next
|
dalje (adv.) |
|
immediately |
sejčasno (adv.), neposrědno (adv.)
|
|
now, this time
|
sejčas (adv.), nyně (adv.) |
|
later |
pozdněje (adv.) |
|
earlier |
raněje (adv.) |
|
soon |
skoro (adv.) |
|
sometimes |
několikokrat (adv.) |
|
following |
slědujuč (adv.) |
|
never |
nikogda (adv.) |
|
always |
vsegda (adv.) |
|
whenever |
někogda (adv.) |
|
once |
jedin raz (adv.) |
|
simultaneously |
jednočasno (adv.) s ... I
|
|
subsequently |
postupno (adv.) od ... G |
place |
here |
tu, tudu, tamo (adv.) |
|
beyond |
za (prep. G) |
|
wherever
|
někdě, někamo (adv.) |
|
neighboring on
|
slěd (prep. G), sosědno (adv.) s ... I
|
|
nearby |
bliz (prep. G) |
|
opposite to
|
protiv (prep. D) |
|
above |
nad (prep. A,I) |
|
below |
pod (prep. A,I) |
exemplification
|
to illustrate, to demostrate
|
ukazajuč (adv.) ... A
|
|
for instance, for example
|
napriměr (adv.) |
|
specifically |
specifično (adv.) ot ... G |
|
e.g. |
napr. |
comparison |
in the same way
|
rovno s ... I, rovno kako ... N
|
|
in like manner, likewise
|
podobno ot ... G
|
|
similarly |
podobno (adv.) |
contrast |
but |
ale, no |
|
however |
jedinako, medžutym |
|
on the contrary
|
na razliku od ... G
|
|
on the other hand, otherwise
|
iz drugoj strany ... G
|
|
despite of, yet, notwithstanding
|
obače |
|
vice versa, backwards
|
povratno (adv.) od ... G |
clarification |
that is to say
|
tako rěčeno |
|
i.e., that is
|
to jest
|
|
in other words, to rephrase it
|
drugymi slovami
|
|
to clarify, to explain
|
na objasněnje ... G |
|
thus, therefore, hence |
ubo |
cause |
because |
zatože |
|
since |
od (prep. G)
|
|
on account of
|
radi (prep. G)
|
|
let us assume that
|
prědpokladajmo, že ... N
|
|
for reason
|
po pričině ... G |
effect |
thus, therefore, hence |
ubo |
|
consequently |
slěd (prep. G)
vsegda (adv.) | možno (adv.) |
|
|
accordingly |
rovno s ... I |
|
as a result
|
v rezultatu ... G
|
purpose |
in order that
|
da, da by
|
|
for this purpose
|
v smyslu ... G
|
qualification |
almost |
bliz (prep. G), nemalo (adv.)
|
|
never |
nikogda (adv.) |
|
always |
|
|
maybe, perhaps
|
|
|
probably |
pravděpodobno (adv.) |
|
frequently |
često (adv.), frekventirano (adv.)
|
|
although |
hotj (adv.)
|
intensification |
indeed, sure
|
ej |
|
of course
|
jasno (adv.) |
|
without doubt, undoubtedly
|
bezsumno (adv.) |
|
yes
|
da
|
|
by all means
|
v vsih značenijah ... G
|
|
certainly |
istino (adv.) jasno (adv.) | očevidno (adv.) |
|
concession |
to be sure
|
uvěrjeno (adv.) |
|
it is true
|
pravda jest, že ...
|
|
of course
|
|
|
obviously |
|
summary |
to sum up, in summary, together
|
vkupě (adv.)
|
|
in short, in brief
|
kratko (adv.)
|
| to dissolve
| na razrěšenje ... G
|
conclusion |
to conclude
|
na zaključenje ... G
|
|
finally |
nakonec (adv.)
|
transitions of thought
Transitions of thought
consist of words that help maintain the
continuity
of thought from one sentence or paragraph to the next. Transitions of
thought
are produced by the following techniques:
pronouns
Follow a noun with a personal pronoun in order to continue the same subject and a
possessive
pronoun in order to move to something related to the original subject. See lesson 7. for details.
Fido spi. On jest dobry pes. Jego dom jest pod jablonjeju.
Fido is asleep. He is a good dog. His
house is under the apple tree.
Personal pronouns are ja, ty, on, ona, ono, my, vy, oni.
Possessive pronouns are moj, tvoj, naš, vaš and genitives made from on, ona, ono, oni: jego, jej, jego, jih.
keyword repetition
Repeat
the word around which the
discussion
is focusing.
Praga imaje mnogo istoričnyh pamětnikov. Tute pamětniky sut stare domy, mosty, theatra i hramy. Najstarši pražsky pamětnik jest iz romanskoj ery.
Prague has a lot of historical monuments. These monuments are old houses, bridges, teaters and churches. The oldest monument is from the Romanesque period.
synonyms
A
synonym is a word that means nearly the
same
as another word. This is very important for your communication in Neoslavonic. Using synonyms will help you convince that your partners really understand what you are saying.
Vaše auto jest lěpo. Ale myslim, že taky voz je mnogo skupy.
Your car is very nice. But I think, that such kind of vehicle is expensive.
demonstrative pronouns
Use demonstrative pronouns in order to refer something already existed in the previous clause. Demonstrative pronouns are toj, ta, to and their derivatives tutoj, tamtoj, ... . See lesson 3. for details.
Moj brat imaje veliky dom. Kako stary jest toj dom?
My brother has a big house. How old is this house?
|
|