Latin and Greek words in Interslavic- Latin and Greek words are written in phonetic orthography with only -i- but respecting original -ch- and -th-. Latin and Greek masculine and neuter suffixes of the nominative case are used in Interslavic as well, but are extended in other declination cases by interslavic suffices.
example:
filozofija (f. N), filozofije (f. G), ... (declension pattern duša) = philosophy (greek: φιλοσοφία) theatro (n. N), theatra (n. G), ... (declension pattern sělo) = theater (greek: θεάτρο) kosmos (m. N), kosmosa (m. G), ... (declension pattern grad) = space, universe (greek: κόσμος) kapitalizm (m. N), kapitalizma (m. G), ... (declension pattern grad) = capitalism architektura (f. N), architektury (f. G), ... (declension pattern žena) = architecture problem (m. inanim. N), problema (m. inanim. G), ... (declension pattern grad) = problem (greek: προβλήμα n.) sistem (m. inanim. N), sistema (m. inanim. G), ... (declension pattern grad) = system (greek: σύστημα n.) fizika (f. N), fiziky (f. G), ... (declension pattern žena) = physics (greek: φυσική f.)
- Latin words ending by a consonant -as, -atis are masculine.
example:
fakultet (m. inanim.) = a faculty, (latin: facultas, facultatis f.) univerzitet (m. inanim.) = a university, (latin: universitas, universitatis f.)
- Greek words -ια or Latin -ia are transformed to feminine -ija.
filozofija, astronomija, ...
Greek words -η/-ις or Latin -a are transformed to -a. baza, ...
Greek adjectives -κος or Latin -cus are transformed to palatalized -sky. filosofijsky, ekonomičsky (ekonomika k→č), ...
Latin -sio is transformed to -zija. televizija, ...
Latin -ssio is transformed to -sija. diskusija ...
Latin -tio/-tia is transformed to -cija. gravitacija, ...
- Latin or Greek voiced -s- between vowels is transformed to -z-.
vaza, baza, fizika, ...
Latin or Greek -ss- is transformed to -s-. masiv, ...
Greek -σμος or Latin -smus is transformed to -zm. kapitalizm, ...
- Greek -ο(ν) or Latin -um is transformed to -um, Greek -ος or Latin -us is trans-formed to -us, -os.
forum, foruma; korpus, korpusa; kosmos, kosmosa ...
note some exceptions: museum = muzej, muzeja (m.inanim.) theatrum = theatro, theatra (n.)
- Greek adjective -στικος or Latin adjective -sticus is transformed to -stičsky.
kapitalističsky, ...
- Latin or Greek -stus, -στος is transformed to -st.
kapitalist, ...
words from other languagesWords from another Latin-written language should keep their original orthography pronounciation in their original phonetics but follow Interslavic grammar in endings (gender, cases, ...) examples: metro, metra, ... ( n.) = tube, subway, underground laser [lɛjzr] , lasera [lɛjzra] , ... ( m.) = laser bypass [bajpas] , bypassa [bajpasa] , ... ( m.) = bypass Note, that Cyrillic and Greek tradition are different. These orthographies prefer more phonetic style. It is also possible in Neoslavonic as well. метро, метро, ... ( n.) = tube, subway, underground лејзр [lɛjzr] , лејзра [lɛjzra] , ... ( m.) = laser бајпас [bajpas] , бајпаса [bajpasa] , ... ( m.) = bypass μετρο, μετρο, ... ( n.) = tube, subway, underground λειζρ [lɛjzr] , λειζρα [lɛjzra] , ... ( m.) = laser μπαιπας [bajpas] , μπαιπασα [bajpasa] , ... ( m.) = bypass word formation - suffixesThis matter has already been discussed in the lesson 8. See this lesson again in order to repeat set of endings used for creation adjectives. Moreover, learn these two endings: - -ica making a feminine species from something.
example:
cěsarj = an emperor → cěsarica = an empress. glupy (adj.) = stupid → glupica (N) = stupid (noun, f.)
- -ec making a masculine species from something.
example:
glupy (adj.) = stupid → glupec (N), glupca (G), glupče! (V) = stupid (noun, m.)
word formation - prefixes
Interslavic prefixes are made from prepositions. In addition, there are some special prefixes mostly used with verbs, which are not related to any prepositions (see for details about the aspect of verbs).
vz- , voz- (to begin/launch the process) do- (to finish/complete the process and separate something)
Other prefixes are regularly made from prepositions. One-consonant prefixes are amended by the vowel "o" if they are connected to a word beginning with a consonant.
example:
so-vršiti, so-vrš-iš, ... (to culminate, to improve, to collect, to make perfect)
Other prefixes are made directly from the preposition without any change.
examples:
od-běgati: od-běž-iš, ... (run out) pro-dati, pro-daš, ... (to sell) na-ložiti, na-lož-iš, ... (to load, to put down) pro-slaviti, pro-slav-iš, ... (to celebrate, to proclaim)
diminutionDiminution of words is very characteristic for all Slavic languages. By diminution we can express either smaller or younger species of something/somebody or our some kind of familiar relationship to something/somebody. Neoslavonic supports the very basic common basis of this huge Slavic system. Please learn these only endings: - -ek, -iček = masculine diminution.
example:
slon = an elephant slonek = a little/young/familiar elephant sloniček = a very little/young/familiar elephant
- -ka, -ička = feminine diminution.
example:
krava = a cow
kravka = a little/young/familiar cow
kravička = a very little/young/familiar cow
- -ko, ičko = neuter diminution
example:
děte = a child dětko = a little/young/familiar child dětičko = a very little/young/familiar child
tele = a calf teletko = a little/young/familiar calf (syllable -et- is added due to declension pattern tele, telete)
brat = a brother bratko = a little/young/familiar brother as neuter noun
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