Adverbs are words extending meaning of some corresponding verb or adjective. Adverbs are not conjugated.
- Adverbs regularly formed from adjectives in the neuter sg. nominative form. (e. g. ending -o or -e after consonants č, š, ž, j).
example:
mnogy (numerous, adj.) → mnogo (much, many, plenty of, adv.)
dobry (good, adj.) → dobro (good, adv.)
maly (small, adj.) → malo (a few, adv.)
novy (new, adj.) → novo (new, adv.)
prěmy (straight, adj.) → prěmo (straight, adv.)
povratny (backward, return, adj.) → povratno (backward, return, adv.)
levy (left, adj.) → levo (left, adv.)
desny (right, adj.) → desno (right, adv.)
pravy (right, correct, adj.) → pravo (right, correct, adv.)
krivy (false, awry, adj.) → krivo (false, awry, adv.)
svěži (fresh, adj.) → svěže (fresh, adv.)
- Adjectives -sky, ... have adverb -ski.
example:
novoslověnsky (Neoslavonic, adj.) → novoslověnski (Neoslavonic, adv.)
englijsky (Neoslavonic, adj.) → englijski (Neoslavonic, adv.)
derived adverbs
Some adverbs are formed from fossilized proverbial structures of a noun in some case with optional preposition or pronoun. Such a structure is then written together as one word and behaves as one word. They are for example:
vkupě
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v kupě (L)
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together (originally: in a group)
|
| izjutra |
iz jitra (G)
|
tomorrow (originally: from the morning)
|
| gorě |
gorě (L)
|
up, to the top (originally: a hill in locative) |
| dolu |
dolu (L)
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down, to the bottom (originally: a valley in locative) |
letom
|
letom (I)
|
in/during a summer
|
| zimoj |
zimoj (I)
|
in/during a winter
|
| jutrom |
jutrom (I)
|
in/during a morning/sunrise |
| včera |
večera (G)
|
yesterday (originally: an evening in genitive) |
| doma |
doma (G)
|
at home (originally: a house in genitive) |
| jutras |
jutra sego (G)
|
today morning, this morning (originally: this morning in genitive) |
| polednes |
poledne sego (G)
|
today noon, this noon (originally: this noon in genitive) |
| večeras |
večera sego (G)
|
today evening, this evening (originally: this evening in genitive) |
| dnes |
dne sego (G)
|
today (originally: this day in genitive) |
| nočis |
noči sej (G)
|
tonight (originally: this night in genitive) |
interrogative adverbs and their answers
current location
|
way-through location
|
requested location
|
time |
modus |
numeral adverb
|
|
kdě?
|
where? |
kudě?
|
where?
|
kamo? |
where?
|
kogda |
when?
|
kako?
|
how?
|
koliko? |
howmuch?
|
interrogative
|
sdě
|
here |
sdě |
here |
semo |
here |
segda |
now |
- |
- |
- |
- |
dmnstr. exactly
|
| tudě,tu |
here |
tudě,tu |
here |
tamo |
there |
togda |
that time
|
tako |
this way
|
toliko |
so much
|
demonstrative
|
| ovdě |
here |
ovdě |
here |
ovamo
|
there |
ovegda |
that time |
ovako |
this way
|
- |
- |
dmnstr. roughly
|
| ondě |
here |
ondě |
here |
onamo
|
there |
onegda |
that time |
onako |
this way
|
- |
- |
dmnstr. distantly
|
| indě |
elsewhere |
inudě |
elsewhere |
inamo |
elsewhere
|
inogda |
another time
|
inako |
other way
|
- |
- |
alternatively
|
| inkdě |
no where
|
nikudě
|
no where
|
nikamo
|
no where
|
nikogda
|
never |
nikako
|
no way
|
nikoliko
|
no |
nowise, no way
|
| někdě |
anywhere
|
někudě
|
anywhere |
někamo
|
anywhere |
někogda
|
sometimes |
někako
|
some way
|
několiko
|
some |
some, any
|
vsekdě
|
everywhere |
vsekudě
|
everywhere |
vsemo |
everywhere |
vsegda
|
always
|
vsekako |
all way
|
- |
- |
always |
-
Note in this table that there is a lot of symmetries between pronouns, numerals and adverbs made by the same prefixes (e.g. t-, in-, ni-, ně-, vs-). For details, see chapters about pronouns and numerals again.
-
Adverbs kamo?, semo, tamo, ... can be combined with the prefix ot- (from) in order to make adverb otkamo? (where from?), ot tamo (from there), ...
- Adverbs kako, nikako, někako, ... have an optional alternative jako, nijako, nějako, ...
gradation
Gradation of adverbs is very similar to the gradation of adjectives as well. Also it has 4 levels and two modes: direct and descriptive. The prefix is naj- (the same as of adjectives) and suffix is -ěje or -eje after č, š, ž. There are five irregular adverbs made from the same irregular adjectives in the comparative: bolše, lučše, unše, menše, gorše according to irregular adjectives.
example:
- silno = strong
- silněje = vyše silno = stronger, more strong
- najsilněje = najvyše silno = strongest, the most strong
- najsilno = mnogo silno = very strong
idioms
Like virtually every human language, Neoslavonic has idioms as well. They were chosen with the aim of maximum similarity to spoken Slavic languages and acceptable level of simplicity. Please, learn these idioms:
jest trěba D N/infinitive
|
needs to, it is required, ... (whom, what)
|
| hoču D A/infinitive
|
I want (for D) to ...
|
v redu
|
in order
|
i kako li že
|
although (exactly: and how if that)
|
drug druga
|
each other (exactly: a friend of a friend)
|
| otnošeno |
mutually (from the verb otnositi = relate to)
|
na žalkost
|
unfortunately (exactly: at disfavor)
|
na štastje
|
fortunately (exactly: at fortune)
|
ako ... potom ... inako
|
if ... then ... else
|
examples
Trěba jest pisati pismo. = It is required to write a letter.
Trěba jest Tebě pisati pismo. = It is required you to write a letter.
Hočemo Vam iti do Pragy. = We want you to go in Prague. Dobro govoriš novoslověnski. = You speak Neoslavonic well.
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